A comprehensive approach involving infrastructure development, improved water management, and effective policies is required to ensure equitable and sustainable access to water for all, writes Vikas Kumar Rana, Assistant Professor at the Water Resources Engineering and Management Institute, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Urban India is grappling with challenges that threaten water availability, quality, and distribution and equity. Despite increased reliance on groundwater, urban areas are facing an ever-widening gap between water demand and supply. Water losses are worsening, as a result of leakages caused by ageing pipelines, treatment plants, and distribution systems. Systemic inefficiencies are also exacerbating the non-revenue water (NRW) quantum of utilities. Compounding the challenges are the unregulated discharge of untreated effluents, sewage, and agricultural runoffs which contaminate water bodies, making the treatment of water a household necessity in cities.
Water scarcity and pollution are increasing the prevalence of waterborne diseases, particularly in areas with inadequate access to safe drinking water and sanitation. With widespread disparities in water access, marginalised communities in informal settlements face even graver challenges in obtaining safe and affordable water for daily use. Inadequate drainage infrastructure has increased urban flooding, disrupting lives and livelihoods and posing risks to public health and safety.
